Cosmologie

Clusters and Proto-clusters at z>1.5

Models predict that clusters of galaxies assemble from mergers of galaxy groups at z>1.5-2. The detections and observation of clusters and proto-clusters at these epochs put strong constraints on galaxy formation and quenching, and on the cosmological model.
 

Détecteurs à inductance cinétique pour la mesure de la polarisation du fond diffus cosmologique

L’étude des fluctuations polarisées du rayonnement fossile à 3K (Cosmic Microwave Background, CMB) apparaît aujourd’hui comme une voie incontournable pour progresser dans notre compréhension de l’Univers. Le niveau de signal attendu, quelques nK pour le mode B le plus faible, requiert une chaîne de détection à la fois ultra sensible et extrêmement immune aux effets parasites instrumentaux. 

Novel techniques for design and optimization of next generation, foreground-robust, space-based CMB missions and their data analysis - an application to the design and optimization of the LiteBIRD mission.

Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background fluctuations provide a unique view onto the early Universe and the fundamental laws of physics at the most extreme energies (typically twelve orders of magnitude above what could be achieved at the Large Hadron Collider). The successful European-led space mission Planck provided the ultimate characterization of the CMB fluctuations in total intensity and a robust detection of some of the polarization signal.

Réfrigérateur à dilution sans fluide en circulation

L’étude de l’Univers froid nous permet de remonter aux origines, que ce soit celles de notre système solaire avec l’observation des embryons d’étoiles ou celles de l’Univers avec la mesure de la polarisation du rayonnement fossile. Ces instruments d’observations dans les domaines sub-millimétrique et millimétrique nécessitent l’utilisation de détecteurs supraconducteurs refroidis jusqu’à 100mK. Ceci rend ces expériences particulièrement complexes à mettre en oeuvre, en particulier au niveau système.

Probing dark energy with multi-survey joint analyses: shear measurement with machine learning.

During the last decade, cosmology has entered a precision era, leading to the prevalence of the standard cosmological model, ΛCDM. Nevertheless, the main ingredient of this model, dark energy, while dominating the energy budget of the Universe, remains mysterious and its comprehension is the current Graal of the domain. The next generation of cosmological surveys, among which Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) & Euclid, both starting in 2022, are a major step toward in observational cosmology toward the parametrization of dark energy.

Cosmic Microwave Background Observations for Large-Scale Structure Studies

The Planck mission and the current generation of ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments (e.g., the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the South Pole Telescope) have ushered in a new era of large-scale structure (LSS) studies. With arcminute resolution at frequencies around 100 GHz, CMB observatories probe the distribution of ionized gas in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) and the intergalactic medium (IGM) through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effects, the total mass distribution through gravitational lensing of the CMB and dust emission associated with

Cosmologie