G4CollisionOutput.cc

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//
// 20100114  M. Kelsey -- Remove G4CascadeMomentum, use G4LorentzVector directly
// 20100309  M. Kelsey -- Introduced bug checking i3 for valid tuning pair
// 20100409  M. Kelsey -- Move non-inlinable code here out of .hh file, replace
//      loop over push_back() with block insert().
// 20100418  M. Kelsey -- Add function to boost output lists to lab frame
// 20100520  M. Kelsey -- Add function to rotate Z axis, from G4Casc.Interface
// 20100620  M. Kelsey -- Add some diagnostics in setOnShell, simplify if's
// 20100630  M. Kelsey -- Use "getExcitationEnergyInGeV()" instead of ".001*"
// 20100701  M. Kelsey -- G4InuclNuclei now includes excitation energy as part
//      of the reported mass and four-vector.
// 20100714  M. Kelsey -- Modify setOnShell() to avoid creating particles
//      with negative kinetic energy.
// 20100715  M. Kelsey -- Add total charge and baryon number functions, and a
//      combined "add()" function to put two of these together
// 20100924  M. Kelsey -- Use "OutgoingNuclei" name consistently, replacing
//      old "TargetFragment".  Add new (reusable) G4Fragment buffer 
//      and access functions for initial post-cascade processing.
//      Move implementation of add() to .cc file.
// 20101019  M. Kelsey -- CoVerity report: unitialized constructor
// 20110214  M. Kelsey -- Follow G4InuclParticle::Model enumerator migration
// 20110225  M. Kelsey -- Add non-const functions to remove list elements
// 20110302  M. Kelsey -- Fix message in setOnShell() by moving ini_mom calc
// 20110307  M. Kelsey -- Need to discard existing ouput lists in trivialize()
// 20110311  M. Kelsey -- Include nuclear fragment in setOnShell balancing,
//      including calculation of final-state momentum
// 20110519  M. Kelsey -- Drop unused "p2" variable from selectPairToTune()
// 20110801  M. Kelsey -- Use resize to avoid temporaries when copying from
//      G4ReactionProductVector
// 20110922  M. Kelsey -- Follow G4InuclParticle::print(ostream&) migration,
//      Add optional stream argument to printCollisionOutput
// 20121002  M. Kelsey -- Add strangeness calculation
// 20130628  M. Kelsey -- Support multiple recoil fragments (for G4Fissioner)
// 20141208  M. Kelsey -- Split function to do pair-wise "hard" tuning
 
#include <algorithm>
 
#include "G4CollisionOutput.hh"
#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
#include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
#include "G4CascadParticle.hh"
#include "G4CascadeParameters.hh"
#include "G4Electron.hh"
#include "G4ParticleLargerEkin.hh"
#include "G4LorentzConvertor.hh"
#include "G4LorentzRotation.hh"
#include "G4LorentzVector.hh"
#include "G4ReactionProductVector.hh"
#include "G4ReactionProduct.hh"
#include "G4ThreeVector.hh"
 
typedef std::vector<G4InuclElementaryParticle>::iterator particleIterator;
typedef std::vector<G4InuclNuclei>::iterator nucleiIterator;
typedef std::vector<G4Fragment>::iterator fragmentIterator;
 
const G4Fragment G4CollisionOutput::emptyFragment;      // All zeros
 
 
G4CollisionOutput::G4CollisionOutput()
  : verboseLevel(0), eex_rest(0), on_shell(false) {
  if (verboseLevel > 1)
    G4cout << " >>> G4CollisionOutput::G4CollisionOutput" << G4endl;
}
 
 
G4CollisionOutput& G4CollisionOutput::operator=(const G4CollisionOutput& right)
{
  if (this != &right) {
    verboseLevel = right.verboseLevel;
    outgoingParticles = right.outgoingParticles;
    outgoingNuclei = right.outgoingNuclei; 
    recoilFragments = right.recoilFragments;
    eex_rest = right.eex_rest;
    on_shell = right.on_shell;
  }
  return *this;
}
 
void G4CollisionOutput::reset() {
  outgoingNuclei.clear();
  outgoingParticles.clear();
  recoilFragments.clear();
  eex_rest = 0.;
  on_shell = false;
}
 
 
// Get requested recoil fragment from list, or return dummy version
 
const G4Fragment& G4CollisionOutput::getRecoilFragment(G4int index) const {
  return ( (index >= 0 && index < numberOfFragments())
       ? recoilFragments[index] : emptyFragment);
}
 
 
// Merge two complete objects
 
void G4CollisionOutput::add(const G4CollisionOutput& right) {
  addOutgoingParticles(right.outgoingParticles);
  addOutgoingNuclei(right.outgoingNuclei);
  recoilFragments = right.recoilFragments;  // Replace, don't combine
  eex_rest = 0.;
  on_shell = false;
}
 
 
// Append to lists
 
void G4CollisionOutput::addOutgoingParticles(const std::vector<G4InuclElementaryParticle>& particles) {
  outgoingParticles.insert(outgoingParticles.end(),
               particles.begin(), particles.end());
}
 
void G4CollisionOutput::addOutgoingNuclei(const std::vector<G4InuclNuclei>& nuclea) {
  outgoingNuclei.insert(outgoingNuclei.end(), nuclea.begin(), nuclea.end());
}
 
// These are primarily for G4IntraNucleiCascader internal checks
 
void G4CollisionOutput::addOutgoingParticle(const G4CascadParticle& cparticle) {
  addOutgoingParticle(cparticle.getParticle());
}
 
void G4CollisionOutput::addOutgoingParticles(const std::vector<G4CascadParticle>& cparticles) {
  for (unsigned i=0; i<cparticles.size(); i++)
    addOutgoingParticle(cparticles[i]);
}
 
// This comes from PreCompound de-excitation, both particles and nuclei
 
void G4CollisionOutput::addOutgoingParticles(const G4ReactionProductVector* rproducts) {
  if (!rproducts) return;       // Sanity check, no error if null
 
  if (verboseLevel) {
    G4cout << " >>> G4CollisionOutput::addOutgoingParticles(G4RPVector)"
       << G4endl;
  }
 
  G4ReactionProductVector::const_iterator j;
  for (j=rproducts->begin(); j!=rproducts->end(); ++j) {
    const G4ParticleDefinition* pd = (*j)->GetDefinition();
    G4int type = G4InuclElementaryParticle::type(pd);
 
    // FIXME:  Momentum returned by value; extra copying here!
    G4LorentzVector mom((*j)->GetMomentum(), (*j)->GetTotalEnergy());
    mom /= GeV;     // Convert from GEANT4 to Bertini units
    
    if (verboseLevel>1)
      G4cout << " Processing " << pd->GetParticleName() << " (" << type
         << "), momentum " << mom << " GeV" << G4endl;
 
    // Nucleons and nuclei are jumbled together in the list
    // NOTE: Resize and set/fill avoid unnecessary temporary copies
    if (type) {
      outgoingParticles.resize(numberOfOutgoingParticles()+1);
      outgoingParticles.back().fill(mom, pd, G4InuclParticle::PreCompound);
 
      if (verboseLevel>1) G4cout << outgoingParticles.back() << G4endl;
    } else {
      outgoingNuclei.resize(numberOfOutgoingNuclei()+1);
      outgoingNuclei.back().fill(mom,pd->GetAtomicMass(),pd->GetAtomicNumber(),
                 0.,G4InuclParticle::PreCompound);
 
      if (verboseLevel>1) G4cout << outgoingNuclei.back() << G4endl;
    }
  }
}
 
 
// Removing elements from lists by index
 
void G4CollisionOutput::removeOutgoingParticle(G4int index) {
  if (index >= 0 && index < numberOfOutgoingParticles())
    outgoingParticles.erase(outgoingParticles.begin()+(size_t)index);
}
 
void G4CollisionOutput::removeOutgoingNucleus(G4int index) {
  if (index >= 0 && index < numberOfOutgoingNuclei())
    outgoingNuclei.erase(outgoingNuclei.begin()+(size_t)index);
}
 
// Remove elements from list by reference, or by value comparison
 
void G4CollisionOutput::removeOutgoingParticle(const G4InuclElementaryParticle& particle) {
  particleIterator pos =
    std::find(outgoingParticles.begin(), outgoingParticles.end(), particle);
  if (pos != outgoingParticles.end()) outgoingParticles.erase(pos);
}
 
void G4CollisionOutput::removeOutgoingNucleus(const G4InuclNuclei& nuclei) {
  nucleiIterator pos =
    std::find(outgoingNuclei.begin(), outgoingNuclei.end(), nuclei);
  if (pos != outgoingNuclei.end()) outgoingNuclei.erase(pos);
}
 
// Remove specified recoil fragment(s) from buffer
 
void G4CollisionOutput::removeRecoilFragment(G4int index) {
  if (index < 0) recoilFragments.clear();
  else if (index < numberOfFragments()) 
    recoilFragments.erase(recoilFragments.begin()+(size_t)index);
}
 
 
// Kinematics of final state, for recoil and conservation checks
 
G4LorentzVector G4CollisionOutput::getTotalOutputMomentum() const {
  if (verboseLevel > 1)
    G4cout << " >>> G4CollisionOutput::getTotalOutputMomentum" << G4endl;
 
  G4LorentzVector tot_mom;
  G4int i(0);
  for(i=0; i < numberOfOutgoingParticles(); i++) {
    tot_mom += outgoingParticles[i].getMomentum();
  }
  for(i=0; i < numberOfOutgoingNuclei(); i++) {
    tot_mom += outgoingNuclei[i].getMomentum();
  }
  for(i=0; i < numberOfFragments(); i++) {
    tot_mom += recoilFragments[i].GetMomentum()/GeV;    // Need Bertini units!
  }
 
  return tot_mom;
}
 
G4int G4CollisionOutput::getTotalCharge() const {
  if (verboseLevel > 1)
    G4cout << " >>> G4CollisionOutput::getTotalCharge" << G4endl;
 
  G4int charge = 0;
  G4int i(0);
 
  for (i = 0; i < numberOfOutgoingParticles(); i++)
    charge += G4int(outgoingParticles[i].getCharge());
 
  for (i = 0; i < numberOfOutgoingNuclei(); i++)
    charge += G4int(outgoingNuclei[i].getCharge());
 
  for (i = 0; i < numberOfFragments(); i++)
    charge += recoilFragments[i].GetZ_asInt();
 
  return charge;
}
 
 
G4int G4CollisionOutput::getTotalBaryonNumber() const {
  if (verboseLevel > 1)
    G4cout << " >>> G4CollisionOutput::getTotalBaryonNumber" << G4endl;
 
  G4int baryon = 0;
  G4int i(0);
  for(i=0; i < numberOfOutgoingParticles(); i++) {
    baryon += outgoingParticles[i].baryon();
  }
  for(i=0; i < numberOfOutgoingNuclei(); i++) {
    baryon += G4int(outgoingNuclei[i].getA());
  }
  for(i=0; i < numberOfFragments(); i++) {
    baryon += recoilFragments[i].GetA_asInt();
  }
 
  return baryon;
}
 
G4int G4CollisionOutput::getTotalStrangeness() const {
  if (verboseLevel > 1)
    G4cout << " >>> G4CollisionOutput::getTotalStrangeness" << G4endl;
 
  G4int strange = 0;
  G4int i(0);
  for(i=0; i < numberOfOutgoingParticles(); i++) {
    strange += outgoingParticles[i].getStrangeness();
  }
 
  return strange;
}
 
 
void G4CollisionOutput::printCollisionOutput(std::ostream& os) const {
  os << " Output: " << G4endl
     << " Outgoing Particles: " << numberOfOutgoingParticles() << G4endl;
 
  G4int i(0);
  for(i=0; i < numberOfOutgoingParticles(); i++)
    os << outgoingParticles[i] << G4endl;
 
  os << " Outgoing Nuclei: " << numberOfOutgoingNuclei() << G4endl;      
  for(i=0; i < numberOfOutgoingNuclei(); i++)
    os << outgoingNuclei[i] << G4endl;
  for(i=0; i < numberOfFragments(); i++)
    os << recoilFragments[i] << G4endl;
}
 
 
// Boost particles and fragment to LAB -- "convertor" must already be configured
 
void G4CollisionOutput::boostToLabFrame(const G4LorentzConvertor& convertor) {
  if (verboseLevel > 1)
    G4cout << " >>> G4CollisionOutput::boostToLabFrame" << G4endl;
 
  particleIterator ipart = outgoingParticles.begin();
  for(; ipart != outgoingParticles.end(); ipart++) {
    ipart->setMomentum(boostToLabFrame(ipart->getMomentum(), convertor));
  }
  
  std::sort(outgoingParticles.begin(), outgoingParticles.end(),
        G4ParticleLargerEkin());
  
  nucleiIterator inuc = outgoingNuclei.begin();
  for (; inuc != outgoingNuclei.end(); inuc++) {
    inuc->setMomentum(boostToLabFrame(inuc->getMomentum(), convertor)); 
  }
 
  // NOTE: Fragment momentum must be converted to and from Bertini units
  G4LorentzVector fmom;
  fragmentIterator ifrag = recoilFragments.begin();
  for (; ifrag != recoilFragments.end(); ifrag++) {
    fmom = ifrag->GetMomentum() / GeV;
    ifrag->SetMomentum(boostToLabFrame(fmom, convertor)*GeV);
  }
}
 
// Pass by value to allow direct (internal) manipulation
G4LorentzVector
G4CollisionOutput::boostToLabFrame(G4LorentzVector mom,
                   const G4LorentzConvertor& convertor) const {
  if (convertor.reflectionNeeded()) mom.setZ(-mom.z());
  mom = convertor.rotate(mom);
  mom = convertor.backToTheLab(mom);
 
  return mom;
}
 
// Apply LorentzRotation to all particles in event
 
void G4CollisionOutput::rotateEvent(const G4LorentzRotation& rotate) {
  if (verboseLevel > 1)
    G4cout << " >>> G4CollisionOutput::rotateEvent" << G4endl;
 
  particleIterator ipart = outgoingParticles.begin();
  for(; ipart != outgoingParticles.end(); ipart++)
    ipart->setMomentum(ipart->getMomentum()*=rotate);
 
  nucleiIterator inuc = outgoingNuclei.begin();
  for (; inuc != outgoingNuclei.end(); inuc++)
    inuc->setMomentum(inuc->getMomentum()*=rotate);
 
  fragmentIterator ifrag = recoilFragments.begin();
  for (; ifrag != recoilFragments.end(); ifrag++) {
    G4LorentzVector mom = ifrag->GetMomentum();     // Need copy
    ifrag->SetMomentum(mom*=rotate);
  }
}
 
 
void G4CollisionOutput::trivialise(G4InuclParticle* bullet, 
                   G4InuclParticle* target) {
  if (verboseLevel > 1)
    G4cout << " >>> G4CollisionOutput::trivialize" << G4endl;
 
  reset();      // Discard existing output, replace with bullet/target
 
  if (G4InuclNuclei* nuclei_target = dynamic_cast<G4InuclNuclei*>(target)) {
    outgoingNuclei.push_back(*nuclei_target);
  } else {
    G4InuclElementaryParticle* particle =
      dynamic_cast<G4InuclElementaryParticle*>(target);
    outgoingParticles.push_back(*particle);
  }
 
  if (G4InuclNuclei* nuclei_bullet = dynamic_cast<G4InuclNuclei*>(bullet)) {
    outgoingNuclei.push_back(*nuclei_bullet);
  } else {
    G4InuclElementaryParticle* particle =
      dynamic_cast<G4InuclElementaryParticle*>(bullet);
    outgoingParticles.push_back(*particle);
  }
}
 
 
void G4CollisionOutput::setOnShell(G4InuclParticle* bullet, 
                   G4InuclParticle* target) {
  if (verboseLevel > 1)
    G4cout << " >>> G4CollisionOutput::setOnShell" << G4endl;
 
  const G4double accuracy = 0.00001; // momentum concerves at the level of 10 keV
 
  on_shell = false;
    
  G4LorentzVector ini_mom = bullet->getMomentum();
  G4LorentzVector momt    = target->getMomentum();
  G4LorentzVector out_mom = getTotalOutputMomentum();
  if(verboseLevel > 2){
    G4cout << " bullet momentum = " << ini_mom.e() <<", "<< ini_mom.x() <<", "<< ini_mom.y()<<", "<< ini_mom.z()<<G4endl;
    G4cout << " target momentum = " << momt.e()<<", "<< momt.x()<<", "<< momt.y()<<", "<< momt.z()<<G4endl;
    G4cout << " Fstate momentum = " << out_mom.e()<<", "<< out_mom.x()<<", "<< out_mom.y()<<", "<< out_mom.z()<<G4endl;
  }
  // correction for internal conversion
  G4LorentzVector el4mom(0.,0.,0.,electron_mass_c2/GeV);
  for(G4int i=0; i < numberOfOutgoingParticles(); ++i) {
    if (outgoingParticles[i].getDefinition() == G4Electron::Electron())
      momt += el4mom;
  }
 
  ini_mom += momt;
 
  mom_non_cons = ini_mom - out_mom;
  G4double pnc = mom_non_cons.rho();
  G4double enc = mom_non_cons.e();
 
  setRemainingExitationEnergy();       
 
  if(verboseLevel > 2) {
    printCollisionOutput();
    G4cout << " momentum non conservation: " << G4endl
           << " e " << enc << " p " << pnc << G4endl
       << " remaining exitation " << eex_rest << G4endl;
  }
 
  if (std::fabs(enc) <= accuracy && pnc <= accuracy) {
    on_shell = true;
    return;
  }
 
  // Adjust "last" particle's four-momentum to balance event
  // ONLY adjust particles with sufficient e or p to remain physical!
 
  if (verboseLevel > 2) G4cout << " re-balancing four-momenta" << G4endl;
 
  G4int npart = numberOfOutgoingParticles();
  G4int nnuc = numberOfOutgoingNuclei();
  G4int nfrag = numberOfFragments();
 
  G4LorentzVector last_mom;     // Buffer to reduce memory churn
 
  if (npart > 0) {
    for (G4int ip=npart-1; ip>=0; ip--) {
      if (outgoingParticles[ip].getKineticEnergy()+enc > 0.) {
    last_mom = outgoingParticles[ip].getMomentum(); 
    last_mom += mom_non_cons;
    outgoingParticles[ip].setMomentum(last_mom);
    break;
      }
    }
  } else if (nnuc > 0) {
    for (G4int in=nnuc-1; in>=0; in--) {
      if (outgoingNuclei[in].getKineticEnergy()+enc > 0.) {
    last_mom = outgoingNuclei[in].getMomentum();
    last_mom += mom_non_cons;
    outgoingNuclei[in].setMomentum(last_mom);
    break;
      }
    }
  } else if (nfrag > 0) {
    for (G4int ifr=nfrag-1; ifr>=0; ifr--) {
      // NOTE:  G4Fragment does not use Bertini units!
      last_mom = recoilFragments[ifr].GetMomentum()/GeV;
      if ((last_mom.e()-last_mom.m())+enc > 0.) {
    last_mom += mom_non_cons;
    recoilFragments[ifr].SetMomentum(last_mom*GeV);
    break;
      }
    }
  }
 
  // Recompute momentum non-conservation parameters
  out_mom = getTotalOutputMomentum();
  mom_non_cons = ini_mom - out_mom;
  pnc = mom_non_cons.rho();
  enc = mom_non_cons.e();
 
  if(verboseLevel > 2){
    printCollisionOutput();
    G4cout << " momentum non conservation after (1): " << G4endl 
       << " e " << enc << " p " << pnc << G4endl;
  }
 
  // Can energy be balanced just with nuclear excitation?
  G4bool need_hard_tuning = true;
  
  G4double encMeV = mom_non_cons.e() / GeV; // Excitation below is in MeV
  if (nfrag > 0) {
    for (G4int i=0; i < nfrag; i++) {
      G4double eex = recoilFragments[0].GetExcitationEnergy();
      if (eex > 0.0 && eex + encMeV >= 0.0) {
    // NOTE:  G4Fragment doesn't have function to change excitation energy
    // ==> theRecoilFragment.SetExcitationEnergy(eex+encMeV);
 
    G4LorentzVector fragMom = recoilFragments[i].GetMomentum();
    G4double newMass = fragMom.m() + encMeV;    // .m() includes eex
    fragMom.setVectM(fragMom.vect(), newMass);
    need_hard_tuning = false;
    break;
      }
    }
  } else if (nnuc > 0) {
    for (G4int i=0; i < nnuc; i++) {
      G4double eex = outgoingNuclei[i].getExitationEnergy();
      if (eex > 0.0 && eex + encMeV >= 0.0) {
    outgoingNuclei[i].setExitationEnergy(eex+encMeV);
    need_hard_tuning = false;
    break;
      }
    }
    if (need_hard_tuning && encMeV > 0.) {
      outgoingNuclei[0].setExitationEnergy(encMeV);
      need_hard_tuning = false;
    }
  }
  
  if (!need_hard_tuning) {
    on_shell = true;
    return;
  }
 
  // Momentum (hard) tuning required for energy conservation
  if (verboseLevel > 2) {
    G4cout << " trying hard (particle-pair) tuning" << G4endl;
  }
  /*****
  // Hard tuning of quasielastic particle against nucleus
  if (npart == 1) {
    if (verboseLevel > 2)
      G4cout << " tuning particle 0 against recoil nucleus" << G4endl;
 
    G4LorentzVector mom1 = outgoingParticles[0].getMomentum();
    G4LorentzVector mom2 = recoilFragments[0].GetMomentum()/GeV;
 
    // Preserve momentum direction of outgoing particle
    G4ThreeVector pdir = mom1.vect().unit();
 
    // Two-body kinematics (nucleon against nucleus) in overall CM system
    G4double ecmsq = ini_mom.m2();
    G4double a = 0.5 * (ecmsq - mom1.m2() - mom2.m2());
    G4double pmod = std::sqrt((a*a - mom1.m2()*mom2.m2()) / ecmsq);
 
    mom1.setVectM(pdir*pmod, mom1.m());
    mom2.setVectM(-pdir*pmod, mom2.m());
 
    // Boost CM momenta back into lab frame, assign back to particles
    mom1.boost(-ini_mom.boostVector());
    mom2.boost(-ini_mom.boostVector());
 
    outgoingParticles[0].setMomentum(mom1);
    recoilFragments[0].SetMomentum(mom2*GeV);
  } else {  // Hard tuning using pair of outgoing particles
  *****/
    std::pair<std::pair<G4int, G4int>, G4int> tune_par = selectPairToTune(enc);
    std::pair<G4int, G4int> tune_particles = tune_par.first;
    G4int mom_ind = tune_par.second;
    
    G4bool tuning_possible = 
      (tune_particles.first >= 0 && tune_particles.second >= 0 &&
       mom_ind >= G4LorentzVector::X);
    
    if (!tuning_possible) {
      if (verboseLevel > 2) G4cout << " tuning impossible " << G4endl;
      return;
    }
    
    if(verboseLevel > 2) {
      G4cout << " p1 " << tune_particles.first << " p2 " << tune_particles.second
         << " ind " << mom_ind << G4endl;
    }
    
    G4LorentzVector mom1 = outgoingParticles[tune_particles.first].getMomentum();
    G4LorentzVector mom2 = outgoingParticles[tune_particles.second].getMomentum();
    
    if (tuneSelectedPair(mom1, mom2, mom_ind)) {
      outgoingParticles[tune_particles.first ].setMomentum(mom1);
      outgoingParticles[tune_particles.second].setMomentum(mom2);
    }
    else return;
    //*****  }
 
  out_mom = getTotalOutputMomentum();
  std::sort(outgoingParticles.begin(), outgoingParticles.end(), G4ParticleLargerEkin());
  mom_non_cons = ini_mom - out_mom;
  pnc = mom_non_cons.rho();
  enc = mom_non_cons.e();
 
  on_shell = (std::fabs(enc) < accuracy || pnc < accuracy);
 
  if(verboseLevel > 2) {
    G4cout << " momentum non conservation tuning: " << G4endl 
       << " e " << enc << " p " << pnc 
       << (on_shell?" success":" FAILURE") << G4endl;
  }
}
 
 
// Returns excitation energy in GeV
 
void G4CollisionOutput::setRemainingExitationEnergy() { 
  eex_rest = 0.;
  G4int i(0);
  for (i=0; i < numberOfOutgoingNuclei(); i++) 
    eex_rest += outgoingNuclei[i].getExitationEnergyInGeV();
  for (i=0; i < numberOfFragments(); i++) 
    eex_rest += recoilFragments[i].GetExcitationEnergy() / GeV;
}
 
 
std::pair<std::pair<G4int, G4int>, G4int> 
G4CollisionOutput::selectPairToTune(G4double de) const {
  if (verboseLevel > 2)
    G4cout << " >>> G4CollisionOutput::selectPairToTune" << G4endl;
 
  std::pair<G4int, G4int> tup(-1, -1);
  G4int i3 = -1; 
  std::pair<std::pair<G4int, G4int>, G4int> tuner(tup, i3); // Set invalid
 
  if (outgoingParticles.size() < 2) return tuner;   // Nothing to do
 
  G4int ibest1 = -1;
  G4int ibest2 = -1;  
  G4double pbest = 0.0;
  G4double pcut = 0.3 * std::sqrt(1.88 * std::fabs(de));
  G4double p1 = 0.0;
  
  for (G4int i = 0; i < G4int(outgoingParticles.size())-1; i++) {
    G4LorentzVector mom1 = outgoingParticles[i].getMomentum();
    
    for (G4int j = i+1; j < G4int(outgoingParticles.size()); j++) {
      G4LorentzVector mom2 = outgoingParticles[j].getMomentum();
      
      for (G4int l = G4LorentzVector::X; l<=G4LorentzVector::Z; l++) {
    if (mom1[l]*mom2[l]<0.0) { 
      if (std::fabs(mom1[l])>pcut && std::fabs(mom2[l])>pcut) {
        G4double psum = std::fabs(mom1[l]) + std::fabs(mom2[l]);  
        
        if (psum > pbest) {
          ibest1 = i;
          ibest2 = j;
          i3 = l;
          p1 = mom1[l];
          pbest = psum;
        }   // psum > pbest
      } // mom1 and mom2 > pcut
    }   // mom1 ~ -mom2
      } // for (G4int l ...
    }   // for (G4int j ...
  } // for (G4int i ...
 
  if (i3 < 0) return tuner;     
  
  tuner.second = i3;        // Momentum axis for tuning
  
  // NOTE: Sign of de determines order for special case of p1==0.
  if (de > 0.0) {
    tuner.first.first  = (p1>0.) ? ibest1 : ibest2;
    tuner.first.second = (p1>0.) ? ibest2 : ibest1;
  } else {
    tuner.first.first  = (p1<0.) ? ibest2 : ibest1;
    tuner.first.second = (p1<0.) ? ibest1 : ibest2;
  }      
  
  return tuner;
}
 
 
G4bool  G4CollisionOutput::tuneSelectedPair(G4LorentzVector& mom1,
                        G4LorentzVector& mom2,
                        G4int mom_ind) const {
  if (verboseLevel > 2)
    G4cout << " >>> G4CollisionOutput::tuneSelectedPair" << G4endl;
 
  G4double newE12 = mom1.e() + mom2.e() + mom_non_cons.e();
  G4double R = 0.5 * (newE12*newE12 + mom2.e()*mom2.e() - mom1.e()*mom1.e()) / newE12;
  G4double Q = -(mom1[mom_ind] + mom2[mom_ind]) / newE12;
  G4double UDQ = 1.0 / (Q*Q - 1.0);
  G4double W = (R * Q + mom2[mom_ind]) * UDQ;
  G4double V = (mom2.e()*mom2.e() - R*R) * UDQ;
  G4double DET = W*W + V;
  
  if (DET < 0.0) {
    if (verboseLevel > 2) G4cout << " DET < 0 : tuning failed" << G4endl;
    return false;
  }
 
  // Tuning allowed only for non-negative determinant
  G4double x1 = -(W + std::sqrt(DET));
  G4double x2 = -(W - std::sqrt(DET));
  
  // choose the appropriate solution
  G4bool xset = false;
  G4double x = 0.0;
  
  if (mom_non_cons.e() > 0.0) { // x has to be > 0.0
    if (x1 > 0.0) {
      if (R + Q * x1 >= 0.0) {
    x = x1;
    xset = true;
      }
    }  
    if (!xset && x2 > 0.0) {
      if (R + Q * x2 >= 0.0) {
    x = x2;
    xset = true;
      }
    }
  } else { 
    if (x1 < 0.0) {
      if (R + Q * x1 >= 0.) {
    x = x1;
    xset = true;
      }
    }  
    if (!xset && x2 < 0.0) {
      if (R + Q * x2 >= 0.0) {
    x = x2;
    xset = true;
      }
    }
  } // if(mom_non_cons.e() > 0.0)
  
  if (!xset) {
    if (verboseLevel > 2) G4cout << " no appropriate solution found" << G4endl;
    return false;
  }
 
  mom1[mom_ind] += x;         // retune momentums
  mom2[mom_ind] -= x;
  return true;
}