G4EmDNAChemistry.cc

Go to the documentation of this file.

//
// ********************************************************************
// * License and Disclaimer                                           *
// *                                                                  *
// * The  Geant4 software  is  copyright of the Copyright Holders  of *
// * the Geant4 Collaboration.  It is provided  under  the terms  and *
// * conditions of the Geant4 Software License,  included in the file *
// * LICENSE and available at  http://cern.ch/geant4/license .  These *
// * include a list of copyright holders.                             *
// *                                                                  *
// * Neither the authors of this software system, nor their employing *
// * institutes,nor the agencies providing financial support for this *
// * work  make  any representation or  warranty, express or implied, *
// * regarding  this  software system or assume any liability for its *
// * use.  Please see the license in the file  LICENSE  and URL above *
// * for the full disclaimer and the limitation of liability.         *
// *                                                                  *
// * This  code  implementation is the result of  the  scientific and *
// * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration.                      *
// * By using,  copying,  modifying or  distributing the software (or *
// * any work based  on the software)  you  agree  to acknowledge its *
// * use  in  resulting  scientific  publications,  and indicate your *
// * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license.          *
// ********************************************************************
//
#include "G4EmDNAChemistry.hh"
 
#include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
 
#include "G4DNAWaterDissociationDisplacer.hh"
#include "G4DNAChemistryManager.hh"
#include "G4DNAWaterExcitationStructure.hh"
#include "G4ProcessManager.hh"
 
#include "G4DNAGenericIonsManager.hh"
 
// *** Processes and models for Geant4-DNA
 
#include "G4DNAElectronSolvation.hh"
 
#include "G4DNAAttachment.hh"
#include "G4DNAVibExcitation.hh"
 
#include "G4DNAElastic.hh"
#include "G4DNAChampionElasticModel.hh"
#include "G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel.hh"
#include "G4DNAUeharaScreenedRutherfordElasticModel.hh"
 
#include "G4DNAMolecularDissociation.hh"
#include "G4DNABrownianTransportation.hh"
#include "G4DNAMolecularReactionTable.hh"
#include "G4DNAMolecularStepByStepModel.hh"
#include "G4VDNAReactionModel.hh"
#include "G4DNASmoluchowskiReactionModel.hh"
 
#include "G4DNAElectronHoleRecombination.hh"
 
// particles
 
#include "G4Electron.hh"
#include "G4Proton.hh"
#include "G4GenericIon.hh"
 
#include "G4MoleculeTable.hh"
#include "G4H2O.hh"
#include "G4H2.hh"
#include "G4Hydrogen.hh"
#include "G4OH.hh"
#include "G4H3O.hh"
#include "G4Electron_aq.hh"
#include "G4H2O2.hh"
 
#include "G4PhysicsListHelper.hh"
#include "G4BuilderType.hh"
 
/****/
#include "G4DNAMoleculeEncounterStepper.hh"
#include "G4ProcessVector.hh"
#include "G4ProcessTable.hh"
#include "G4DNASecondOrderReaction.hh"
#include "G4MolecularConfiguration.hh"
/****/
 
// factory
#include "G4PhysicsConstructorFactory.hh"
 
G4_DECLARE_PHYSCONSTR_FACTORY(G4EmDNAChemistry);
 
#include "G4Threading.hh"
 
G4EmDNAChemistry::G4EmDNAChemistry() :
    G4VUserChemistryList(true)
{
  G4DNAChemistryManager::Instance()->SetChemistryList(this);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4EmDNAChemistry::~G4EmDNAChemistry()
{
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4EmDNAChemistry::ConstructMolecule()
{
  //-----------------------------------
  G4Electron::Definition(); // safety
 
  //-----------------------------------
  // Create the definition
  G4H2O::Definition();
  G4Hydrogen::Definition();
  G4H3O::Definition();
  G4OH::Definition();
  G4Electron_aq::Definition();
  G4H2O2::Definition();
  G4H2::Definition();
 
  //____________________________________________________________________________
 
  G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->CreateConfiguration("H3Op", G4H3O::Definition());
  G4MolecularConfiguration* OHm = G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->
      CreateConfiguration("OHm", // just a tag to store and retrieve from
                                 // G4MoleculeTable
                          G4OH::Definition(),
                          -1, // charge
                          5.0e-9 * (m2 / s));
  OHm->SetMass(17.0079 * g / Avogadro * c_squared);
  G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->CreateConfiguration("OH", G4OH::Definition());
  G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->CreateConfiguration("e_aq",
                                                   G4Electron_aq::Definition());
  G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->CreateConfiguration("H",
                                                   G4Hydrogen::Definition());
  G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->CreateConfiguration("H2", G4H2::Definition());
  G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->CreateConfiguration("H2O2", G4H2O2::Definition());
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4EmDNAChemistry::ConstructDissociationChannels()
{
  //-----------------------------------
  //Get the molecular configuration
  G4MolecularConfiguration* OH =
      G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->GetConfiguration("OH");
  G4MolecularConfiguration* OHm =
      G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->GetConfiguration("OHm");
  G4MolecularConfiguration* e_aq =
      G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->GetConfiguration("e_aq");
  G4MolecularConfiguration* H2 =
      G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->GetConfiguration("H2");
  G4MolecularConfiguration* H3O =
      G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->GetConfiguration("H3Op");
  G4MolecularConfiguration* H =
      G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->GetConfiguration("H");
 
  //-------------------------------------
  //Define the decay channels
  G4MoleculeDefinition* water = G4H2O::Definition();
  G4MolecularDissociationChannel* decCh1;
  G4MolecularDissociationChannel* decCh2;
 
  G4ElectronOccupancy* occ = new G4ElectronOccupancy(
      *(water->GetGroundStateElectronOccupancy()));
 
  //            EXCITATIONS                               //
  G4DNAWaterExcitationStructure waterExcitation;
  //--------------------------------------------------------
  //---------------Excitation on the fifth layer------------
 
  decCh1 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel("A^1B_1_Relaxation");
  decCh2 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel("A^1B_1_DissociativeDecay");
  //Decay 1 : OH + H
  decCh1->SetEnergy(waterExcitation.ExcitationEnergy(0));
  decCh1->SetProbability(0.35);
  decCh1->SetDisplacementType(G4DNAWaterDissociationDisplacer::NoDisplacement);
 
  decCh2->AddProduct(OH);
  decCh2->AddProduct(H);
  decCh2->SetProbability(0.65);
  decCh2->SetDisplacementType(
      G4DNAWaterDissociationDisplacer::A1B1_DissociationDecay);
 
//  water->AddExcitedState("A^1B_1");
  occ->RemoveElectron(4, 1); // this is the transition form ground state to
  occ->AddElectron(5, 1); // the first unoccupied orbital: A^1B_1
 
  water->NewConfigurationWithElectronOccupancy("A^1B_1", *occ);
  water->AddDecayChannel("A^1B_1", decCh1);
  water->AddDecayChannel("A^1B_1", decCh2);
 
  //--------------------------------------------------------
  //---------------Excitation on the fourth layer-----------
  decCh1 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel("B^1A_1_Relaxation_Channel");
  decCh2 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel("B^1A_1_DissociativeDecay");
  G4MolecularDissociationChannel* decCh3 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel(
      "B^1A_1_AutoIonisation_Channel");
 
  //Decay 1 : energy
  decCh1->SetEnergy(waterExcitation.ExcitationEnergy(1));
  decCh1->SetProbability(0.3);
 
  //Decay 2 : 2OH + H_2
  decCh2->AddProduct(H2);
  decCh2->AddProduct(OH);
  decCh2->AddProduct(OH);
  decCh2->SetProbability(0.15);
  decCh2->SetDisplacementType(
      G4DNAWaterDissociationDisplacer::B1A1_DissociationDecay);
 
  //Decay 3 : OH + H_3Op + e_aq
  decCh3->AddProduct(OH);
  decCh3->AddProduct(H3O);
  decCh3->AddProduct(e_aq);
  decCh3->SetProbability(0.55);
  decCh3->SetDisplacementType(G4DNAWaterDissociationDisplacer::AutoIonisation);
 
  *occ = *(water->GetGroundStateElectronOccupancy());
  occ->RemoveElectron(3); // this is the transition form ground state to
  occ->AddElectron(5, 1); // the first unoccupied orbital: B^1A_1
 
  water->NewConfigurationWithElectronOccupancy("B^1A_1", *occ);
  water->AddDecayChannel("B^1A_1", decCh1);
  water->AddDecayChannel("B^1A_1", decCh2);
  water->AddDecayChannel("B^1A_1", decCh3);
 
  //-------------------------------------------------------
  //-------------------Excitation of 3rd layer-----------------
  decCh1 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel(
      "Excitation3rdLayer_AutoIonisation_Channel");
  decCh2 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel(
      "Excitation3rdLayer_Relaxation_Channel");
 
  //Decay channel 1 : : OH + H_3Op + e_aq
  decCh1->AddProduct(OH);
  decCh1->AddProduct(H3O);
  decCh1->AddProduct(e_aq);
 
  decCh1->SetProbability(0.5);
  decCh1->SetDisplacementType(G4DNAWaterDissociationDisplacer::AutoIonisation);
 
  //Decay channel 2 : energy
  decCh2->SetEnergy(waterExcitation.ExcitationEnergy(2));
  decCh2->SetProbability(0.5);
 
  //Electronic configuration of this decay
  *occ = *(water->GetGroundStateElectronOccupancy());
  occ->RemoveElectron(2, 1);
  occ->AddElectron(5, 1);
 
  //Configure the water molecule
  water->NewConfigurationWithElectronOccupancy("Excitation3rdLayer", *occ);
  water->AddDecayChannel("Excitation3rdLayer", decCh1);
  water->AddDecayChannel("Excitation3rdLayer", decCh2);
 
  //-------------------------------------------------------
  //-------------------Excitation of 2nd layer-----------------
  decCh1 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel(
      "Excitation2ndLayer_AutoIonisation_Channel");
  decCh2 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel(
      "Excitation2ndLayer_Relaxation_Channel");
 
  //Decay Channel 1 : : OH + H_3Op + e_aq
  decCh1->AddProduct(OH);
  decCh1->AddProduct(H3O);
  decCh1->AddProduct(e_aq);
 
  decCh1->SetProbability(0.5);
  decCh1->SetDisplacementType(G4DNAWaterDissociationDisplacer::AutoIonisation);
 
  //Decay channel 2 : energy
  decCh2->SetEnergy(waterExcitation.ExcitationEnergy(3));
  decCh2->SetProbability(0.5);
 
  *occ = *(water->GetGroundStateElectronOccupancy());
  occ->RemoveElectron(1, 1);
  occ->AddElectron(5, 1);
 
  water->NewConfigurationWithElectronOccupancy("Excitation2ndLayer", *occ);
  water->AddDecayChannel("Excitation2ndLayer", decCh1);
  water->AddDecayChannel("Excitation2ndLayer", decCh2);
 
  //-------------------------------------------------------
  //-------------------Excitation of 1st layer-----------------
  decCh1 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel(
      "Excitation1stLayer_AutoIonisation_Channel");
  decCh2 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel(
      "Excitation1stLayer_Relaxation_Channel");
 
  *occ = *(water->GetGroundStateElectronOccupancy());
  occ->RemoveElectron(0, 1);
  occ->AddElectron(5, 1);
 
  //Decay Channel 1 : : OH + H_3Op + e_aq
  decCh1->AddProduct(OH);
  decCh1->AddProduct(H3O);
  decCh1->AddProduct(e_aq);
  decCh1->SetProbability(0.5);
  decCh1->SetDisplacementType(G4DNAWaterDissociationDisplacer::AutoIonisation);
 
  //Decay channel 2 : energy
  decCh2->SetEnergy(waterExcitation.ExcitationEnergy(4));
  decCh2->SetProbability(0.5);
 
  water->NewConfigurationWithElectronOccupancy("Excitation1stLayer", *occ);
  water->AddDecayChannel("Excitation1stLayer", decCh1);
  water->AddDecayChannel("Excitation1stLayer", decCh2);
 
  //                  IONISATION                         //
  //--------------------------------------------------------
  //------------------- Ionisation -------------------------
 
  decCh1 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel("Ionisation_Channel");
 
  //Decay Channel 1 : : OH + H_3Op
  decCh1->AddProduct(H3O);
  decCh1->AddProduct(OH);
  decCh1->SetProbability(1);
  decCh1->SetDisplacementType(
      G4DNAWaterDissociationDisplacer::Ionisation_DissociationDecay);
 
  *occ = *(water->GetGroundStateElectronOccupancy());
  occ->RemoveElectron(4, 1);
  // this is a ionized h2O with a hole in its last orbital
  water->NewConfigurationWithElectronOccupancy("Ionisation5", *occ);
  water->AddDecayChannel("Ionisation5",
                         decCh1);
 
  *occ = *(water->GetGroundStateElectronOccupancy());
  occ->RemoveElectron(3, 1);
  water->NewConfigurationWithElectronOccupancy("Ionisation4", *occ);
  water->AddDecayChannel("Ionisation4",
                         new G4MolecularDissociationChannel(*decCh1));
 
  *occ = *(water->GetGroundStateElectronOccupancy());
  occ->RemoveElectron(2, 1);
  water->NewConfigurationWithElectronOccupancy("Ionisation3", *occ);
  water->AddDecayChannel("Ionisation3",
                         new G4MolecularDissociationChannel(*decCh1));
 
  *occ = *(water->GetGroundStateElectronOccupancy());
  occ->RemoveElectron(1, 1);
  water->NewConfigurationWithElectronOccupancy("Ionisation2", *occ);
  water->AddDecayChannel("Ionisation2",
                         new G4MolecularDissociationChannel(*decCh1));
 
  *occ = *(water->GetGroundStateElectronOccupancy());
  occ->RemoveElectron(0, 1);
  water->NewConfigurationWithElectronOccupancy("Ionisation1", *occ);
  water->AddDecayChannel("Ionisation1",
                         new G4MolecularDissociationChannel(*decCh1));
 
  //            Dissociative Attachment                   //
  decCh1 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel("DissociativeAttachment");
 
  //Decay 1 : 2OH + H_2
  decCh1->AddProduct(H2);
  decCh1->AddProduct(OHm);
  decCh1->AddProduct(OH);
  decCh1->SetProbability(1);
  decCh1->SetDisplacementType(G4DNAWaterDissociationDisplacer::
                              DissociativeAttachment);
 
  *occ = *(water->GetGroundStateElectronOccupancy());
  occ->AddElectron(5, 1); // H_2O^-
  water->NewConfigurationWithElectronOccupancy("DissociativeAttachment", *occ);
  water->AddDecayChannel("DissociativeAttachment", decCh1);
 
  //            Electron-hole recombination               //
  decCh1 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel("H2Ovib_DissociationDecay1");
  decCh2 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel("H2Ovib_DissociationDecay2");
  decCh3 = new G4MolecularDissociationChannel("H2Ovib_DissociationDecay3");
 
  //Decay 1 : 2OH + H_2
  decCh1->AddProduct(H2);
  decCh1->AddProduct(OH);
  decCh1->AddProduct(OH);
  decCh1->SetProbability(0.15);
  decCh1->SetDisplacementType(G4DNAWaterDissociationDisplacer::
                              B1A1_DissociationDecay);
 
  //Decay 2 : OH + H
  decCh2->AddProduct(OH);
  decCh2->AddProduct(H);
  decCh2->SetProbability(0.55);
  decCh2->SetDisplacementType(G4DNAWaterDissociationDisplacer::
                              A1B1_DissociationDecay);
 
  //Decay 3 : relaxation
  decCh3->SetProbability(0.30);
 
  const auto pH2Ovib = G4H2O::Definition()->NewConfiguration("H2Ovib");
  assert(pH2Ovib != nullptr);
 
  water->AddDecayChannel(pH2Ovib, decCh1);
  water->AddDecayChannel(pH2Ovib, decCh2);
  water->AddDecayChannel(pH2Ovib, decCh3);
 
  delete occ;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4EmDNAChemistry::ConstructReactionTable(G4DNAMolecularReactionTable*
                                              theReactionTable)
{
  //-----------------------------------
  //Get the molecular configuration
  G4MolecularConfiguration* OH =
   G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->GetConfiguration("OH");
  G4MolecularConfiguration* OHm =
   G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->GetConfiguration("OHm");
  G4MolecularConfiguration* e_aq =
   G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->GetConfiguration("e_aq");
  G4MolecularConfiguration* H2 =
   G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->GetConfiguration("H2");
  G4MolecularConfiguration* H3Op =
   G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->GetConfiguration("H3Op");
  G4MolecularConfiguration* H =
   G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->GetConfiguration("H");
  G4MolecularConfiguration* H2O2 =
   G4MoleculeTable::Instance()->GetConfiguration("H2O2");
 
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  // e_aq + e_aq + 2H2O -> H2 + 2OH-
  G4DNAMolecularReactionData* reactionData =
   new G4DNAMolecularReactionData(0.5e10 * (1e-3 * m3 / (mole * s)), e_aq, e_aq);
  reactionData->AddProduct(OHm);
  reactionData->AddProduct(OHm);
  reactionData->AddProduct(H2);
  theReactionTable->SetReaction(reactionData);
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  // e_aq + *OH -> OH-
  reactionData = new G4DNAMolecularReactionData(
      2.95e10 * (1e-3 * m3 / (mole * s)), e_aq, OH);
  reactionData->AddProduct(OHm);
  theReactionTable->SetReaction(reactionData);
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  // e_aq + H* + H2O -> H2 + OH-
  reactionData = new G4DNAMolecularReactionData(
      2.65e10 * (1e-3 * m3 / (mole * s)), e_aq, H);
  reactionData->AddProduct(OHm);
  reactionData->AddProduct(H2);
  theReactionTable->SetReaction(reactionData);
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  // e_aq + H3O+ -> H* + H2O
  reactionData = new G4DNAMolecularReactionData(
      2.11e10 * (1e-3 * m3 / (mole * s)), e_aq, H3Op);
  reactionData->AddProduct(H);
  theReactionTable->SetReaction(reactionData);
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  // e_aq + H2O2 -> OH- + *OH
  reactionData = new G4DNAMolecularReactionData(
      1.41e10 * (1e-3 * m3 / (mole * s)), e_aq, H2O2);
  reactionData->AddProduct(OHm);
  reactionData->AddProduct(OH);
  theReactionTable->SetReaction(reactionData);
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  // *OH + *OH -> H2O2
  reactionData = new G4DNAMolecularReactionData(
      0.44e10 * (1e-3 * m3 / (mole * s)), OH, OH);
  reactionData->AddProduct(H2O2);
  theReactionTable->SetReaction(reactionData);
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  // *OH + *H -> H2O
  theReactionTable->SetReaction(1.44e10 * (1e-3 * m3 / (mole * s)), OH, H);
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  // *H + *H -> H2
  reactionData = new G4DNAMolecularReactionData(
      1.20e10 * (1e-3 * m3 / (mole * s)), H, H);
  reactionData->AddProduct(H2);
  theReactionTable->SetReaction(reactionData);
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  // H3O+ + OH- -> 2H2O
  theReactionTable->SetReaction(1.43e11 * (1e-3 * m3 / (mole * s)), H3Op, OHm);
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4EmDNAChemistry::ConstructProcess()
{
  auto pPhysicsListHelper = G4PhysicsListHelper::GetPhysicsListHelper();
 
  //===============================================================
  // Extend vibrational to low energy
  // Anyway, solvation of electrons is taken into account from 7.4 eV
  // So below this threshold, for now, no accurate modeling is done
  //
  G4VProcess* pProcess = G4ProcessTable::GetProcessTable()->
                                   FindProcess("e-_G4DNAVibExcitation", "e-");
 
  if (pProcess != nullptr)
  {
    G4DNAVibExcitation* pVibExcitation = (G4DNAVibExcitation*) pProcess;
    G4VEmModel* pModel = pVibExcitation->EmModel();
    G4DNASancheExcitationModel* pSancheExcitationMod =
        dynamic_cast<G4DNASancheExcitationModel*>(pModel);
    if(pSancheExcitationMod != nullptr)
    {
      pSancheExcitationMod->ExtendLowEnergyLimit(0.025 * eV);
    }
  }
 
  //===============================================================
  // Electron Solvatation
  //
  pProcess = G4ProcessTable::GetProcessTable()->FindProcess("e-_G4DNAElectronSolvation", "e-");
  
  if (pProcess == nullptr)
  {
    pPhysicsListHelper->RegisterProcess(new G4DNAElectronSolvation("e-_G4DNAElectronSolvation"),
                                        G4Electron::Definition());
  }
 
  //===============================================================
  // Define processes for molecules
  //
  G4MoleculeTable* pMoleculeTable = G4MoleculeTable::Instance();
  G4MoleculeDefinitionIterator iterator = pMoleculeTable->GetDefintionIterator();
  iterator.reset();
  while (iterator())
  {
    G4MoleculeDefinition* pMoleculeDef = iterator.value();
 
    if (pMoleculeDef != G4H2O::Definition())
    {
      G4DNABrownianTransportation* pBrownianTransport = new G4DNABrownianTransportation();
      pPhysicsListHelper->RegisterProcess(pBrownianTransport, pMoleculeDef);
    }
    else
    {
      pMoleculeDef->GetProcessManager()->AddRestProcess(new G4DNAElectronHoleRecombination(), 2);
      G4DNAMolecularDissociation* pDissociationProcess = new G4DNAMolecularDissociation("H2O_DNAMolecularDecay");
      pDissociationProcess->SetDisplacer(pMoleculeDef, new G4DNAWaterDissociationDisplacer);
      pDissociationProcess->SetVerboseLevel(1);
 
      pMoleculeDef->GetProcessManager()->AddRestProcess(pDissociationProcess, 1);
    }
  }
 
  G4DNAChemistryManager::Instance()->Initialize();
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4EmDNAChemistry::ConstructTimeStepModel(G4DNAMolecularReactionTable*
                                              reactionTable)
{
  G4VDNAReactionModel* reactionRadiusComputer = new G4DNASmoluchowskiReactionModel();
  reactionTable->PrintTable(reactionRadiusComputer);
 
  G4DNAMolecularStepByStepModel* stepByStep = new G4DNAMolecularStepByStepModel();
  stepByStep->SetReactionModel(reactionRadiusComputer);
//  ((G4DNAMoleculeEncounterStepper*) stepByStep->GetTimeStepper())->
//  SetVerbose(5);
 
  RegisterTimeStepModel(stepByStep, 0);
}