I present a broad overview of the current cosmic-ray (CR) transport modeling, and discuss several recent results obtained with the DRAGON code. Several anomalies in the measured CR spectra and gamma-ray data are discussed with particular focus on: the positron excess, the hint of an antiproton excess, the proton and helium spectral breaks, the gamma-ray GeV excess, which may point to either new classes of sources, non-standard propagation models, or new physics.

Supernova remnants (SNRs) mark the end point of stellar evolution. As they release tremendous amounts of kinetic energy and freshly-produced heavy elements into the interstellar medium (ISM), and accelerate cosmic-rays, SNRs are a key component of the chemical and thermodynamical evolution of the ISM in galaxies. X-ray emission is ubiquitous in SNRs, as their shocks heat the SN ejecta and ambient medium to multi-million degree temperatures. X-ray observations are thus an excellent tool to measure properties of SNRs (e.g.